Research on seedling sowing method based on high voltage electrostatic characteristics

Abstract

In response to the difficult problem of high leakage rate and low seed pick-up rate of traditional air-suction seed dischargers. This study proposes a new high-voltage electrostatic vegetable seedling sowing method and system based on phase sucking of opposite charges and repulsive seeding of same charges. This method does away with small orifices and long conductance suction holes. It can solve the technical bottleneck of the traditional air-suction seed rower at the source, which causes a decrease in seed rowing accuracy due to clogging of the suction holes when facing irregular small vegetable seeds that are not pelleted. Combining high voltage electrostatic polarisation for seed vigour with precision seeding technology. Improving seed vigour and crop yield while precision sowing. Modelling the mechanics of adsorption seeding and repulsive seeding systems. Identify the main factors affecting electrostatic adsorption and phase repulsion forces and their interrelationships; Analysis of the decay mechanism of the electrostatic adsorption force upon repeated action. Proposing measures for the rapid restoration of the original equilibrium state of the dielectric insulation by reverse electric field polarization; Analysis of the migration pattern of electric particles during polarisation. Solving the equations for seed dynamics during sowing; At positive input voltages of 16 kV and negative input voltages of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 kV. Separate dielectric insulation layer adsorption seeding tests. The test results show that: The reverse electric field polarisation of the dielectric insulating layer is effective in containing the electrostatic adsorption decay. The best containment was achieved at a positive input voltage of 16 kV and a negative input voltage of 16 kV; Seeding performance verification tests at a positive input voltage of 16 kV and a negative input voltage of 16 kV. The test results show that: The sowing conformity index was 90.25 %, the reseeding index 3.40 % and the missed sowing index 6.35 %. In the evaluation of applied research, the multi-objective optimization design with the objective function of maximum seed discharge qualification index, minimum leakage index and replanting index, the optimal parameter combinations of the test factors can be obtained as follows: the size of the type hole is 5.977 mm, and the output voltage of the positive high-voltage electrostatic generator is 16.423 kV, and at this time, the seeding machine's seed discharge qualification index is 90.78 %, the replanting index is 3.05 %, and the leakage index is 6.17 %. To verify the reliability of the optimal design of structural parameters, the seeding performance verification test is carried out, which can be obtained: the qualified index of row seeding is 90.54 %, the index of reseeding is 2.86 %, and the index of leakage is 6.60 %, which meets the technical requirements of precision seeding. The research not only provides a reference for the development of precision sowing machinery and equipment for irregular small-grain vegetable seeds. It also provides an academic reference for the research of quantitative adsorption and rapid separation methods and theories for irregular small particle materials.