Research on Optimizing the Communication Efficiency of NAT Penetration Technology Based on STUN Protocol

Abstract

NAT (Network Address Translator) technology solves the problem of IP address shortage, but this technology can prevent P2P (Peer-to-Peer) communication between hosts. NAT penetration is the technical means to find a way to allow external datagrams to pass through the NAT device according to the mapping rules of the device, thus establishing a stable P2P connection. In order to ensure that the nodes in a P2P network complete high-quality communication, this paper investigates the entire P2P communication process and proposes an optimisation strategy based on STUN (Simple Traversal of UDP Through NATs) protocol penetration to address the problems of complex and tedious NAT type detection process and low success rate of the penetration process. By reclassifying NAT types, improving NAT type detection methods, introducing network state detection algorithms and optimising the communication flow, the strategy ensures smooth and high-quality communication between nodes in a P2P network. The experimental results show that the STUN protocol-based NAT penetration strategy proposed in this paper has lower resource consumption, stronger anti-interference capability and higher penetration success rate, avoiding performance bottlenecks in the server and providing high-quality network services for the whole communication process.