Abstract
In recent years, rapid industrialization has driven higher energy demand, depleting fossil-fuel reserves and causing excessive emissions. China’s “dual carbon” strategy aims to balance development and sustainability. This study optimizes microgrid efficiency with a tiered carbon-priced economy. A Stackelberg game establishes microgrid-user equilibrium, solved iteratively with a multi-population algorithm (MPGA). Comparative analysis can be obtained without considering demand response scenarios, and the optimization cost of microgrid operation considering price-based demand response scenarios was reduced by 5%; that is 668.95 yuan. In addition, the cost of electricity purchase was decreased by 23.8%, or 778.6 yuan. The model promotes user-driven energy use, elevating economic and system benefits, and therefore, the scheduling expectation of “peak shaving and valley filling” is effectively realized.
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