Research on Highly Reliable Self-Powered Vibration Sensors for Geological Drilling

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Vibration signals at the bottom of the drill string during geological drilling are crucial for lithological identification and drilling parameter optimization. However, existing downhole vibration sensors suffer from limitations in power supply and reliability. This study proposes a self-powered vibration sensor with high redundancy based on the triboelectric nanogenerator principle, which is capable of measuring both axial and transverse vibrations, thereby reducing the dependence on external power sources. The experimental results show that the sensor can measure axial vibration frequencies ranging from 0 to 11 Hz with an error of less than 4% and transverse vibration frequencies ranging from 0 to 5 Hz with an error of less than 5%. It can operate stably in temperatures from 0 to 180 °C and relative humidities from 0 to 95%. The sensor’s axial vibration measurement features six identical measurement structures, providing high redundancy and effectively enhancing its reliability. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits power generation capabilities. When an external load of 1 MΩ is applied to the axial measurement module and 10 MΩ to the transverse measurement module, the sensor achieves its maximum power output for both axial and transverse measurements, reaching 32.4 × 10−9 W and 2.1 × 10−9 W, respectively. Compared to traditional bottom-of-the-hole vibration sensors, this sensor possesses self-powering capabilities and high reliability, which can improve the operational efficiency and hold significant practical value for future applications.