Abstract
In order to solve the environmental protection problem of carbon emissions in the field of freight transportation, this article proposes to promote the transfer of road freight transportation to railway transportation within a reasonable range by levying carbon emission taxes. To propose an applicable solution, this paper establishes a comprehensive carbon emission system model in the field of road transportation and railway transportation to simulate a closed-loop system as comprehensively as a real transportation system, determines the system elements according to the actual situation, reasonably develops the model hypothesis scheme, and draws out the causal network. On this basis, the system flow diagram and corresponding structural equations are constructed, and the model parameters are estimated. Finally, the paper uses actual data to verify and simulate the system model. A reasonable carbon levy interval has been obtained, and the carbon levy within this interval can promote the transfer of road freight transportation to railway transportation, so as to achieve the purpose of decreasing total carbon emissions of road–rail transportation systems in an orderly way. The innovation of this paper is to construct the carbon emissions of the road–rail system systematically for the first time, and to conduct research and exploration of carbon levies on this basis.
Highlights
The International Energy Agency (IEA) report shows that 23% of global carbon dioxide emissions come from the transportation industry, only under the electricity and thermal energy industry (Figure 1) [1]
In the carbon dioxide emissions generated by transportation activities, the carbon dioxide generated by the transportation carrier occupies a major share in the transportation process
The increase in carbon emissions per unit of road transportation is higher than that of rail transportation. This could be considered through policies, investment, and other methods to guide the transfer of conditional parts of road freight transportation to railway freight transportation
Summary
The International Energy Agency (IEA) report shows that 23% of global carbon dioxide emissions come from the transportation industry, only under the electricity and thermal energy industry (Figure 1) [1]. Since this research aims at reducing the impact of carbon dioxide emissions in the road and railway system, it could be a useful resource to assist the government in improving the guidance policy. There are nine system elements considered in this paper: the national economy, environmental investment in railway freight transportation, carbon dioxide emissions, the carbon tax, the road-to-rail freight demand, the incremental volume of railway freight, the decreasing volume of road freight, the railway freight rate, and the incremental railway transportation revenue. GDP Environmental investment in railway freight transport Total CO2 emissions from road and rail
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