Abstract

This study aims to enhance the bearing capacity of wet joints in prefabricated small box girder bridges while simplifying the on-site construction process. Experimental tests were conducted on formwork-free ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) wet joints, focusing on failure modes, ultimate flexural capacities, and cracking and strain behaviors. These were compared to the behaviors observed in rectangular and funnel-shaped wet joints. The results demonstrate that the width of the joint significantly influences flexural performance, with the horizontal strip playing a crucial role in resisting cracks. It is recommended that for formwork-free UHPC wet joints, the strip height h2 should be no less than 0.1 times the thickness of the bridge deck, and the joint width W should be at least eight times the diameter of the transverse steel reinforcement. Considering the contribution of UHPC in the tensile zone, formulas were developed to calculate the flexural capacity of UHPC-normal concrete (NC) composite section beams. Based on these flexural test results and numerical analysis, a design method for formwork-free UHPC wet joints is proposed.

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