Research on Energy Internet Collaborative Scheduling Considering the Complex Interaction of Power System and Transportation System

In the present world, energy consumption is increasing day by day, and the primary source of energy is fossil-based resources, which will dwindle shortly. A new concept called “Energy Internet” (EI) has recently been introduced to deal with these challenges. The EI vision tends to overcome some critical problems, such as improving sustainable and eco-friendly energy sources, new models for hybrid energy sources, more secure and effective energy management, and control systems. Wired and wireless communication technologies, such as ZigBee, WiMAX, cognitive radio, cellular communications, and the software-defined network (SDN), which are managed via the network system, are applied in the EI system to carry out monitoring, controlling, and management transactions in real time.One of the most recent communication technologies is the Internet of Things (IoT) that has provided the development of numerous different communication protocols. The IoT can be exploited to ensure communication between devices employing dissimilar data types. Moreover, in order to present a communication platform in both machine-to-machine (M2M) and human-to-machine (H2M) environments, IoT technologies utilize several communication mediums, protocols, and layer architectures. Charging demands differ among different types of electric vehicles and are influenced by the charging location. Random variables, such as technical characteristics and drive patterns, are taken into account to estimate the electric vehicles’ charging demand over time. The optimal location of charging stations also plays a critical role. The time-of-use (ToU) price is applied to influence the charging behavior of electric vehicles (EV) owners so that the charging demand can be reduced during peak hours and shifted to the off-peak hours. Due to ToU, the overall power load can be cut down.The chapter begins with a brief overview of the process of power delivery from generation site to load center, the role of demand side management and the challenges and opportunities provided by electric vehicles to the grid. Subsequently, the fundamentals of electric vehicles have been discussed along with an extensive coverage of various practices associated with information sharing and energy management in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using vehicle-to-grid technology. The Internet of Energy is also discussed along with the process of information flow and the various communication technologies. Lastly, a hypothetical analysis is shown to reflect the impact of exchange of information and energy between the vehicle and the grid is discussed for a city with significant number of electric vehicles.

Data-driven spatial-temporal prediction of electric vehicle load profile considering charging behavior

Based on the development of electric vehicles (EVs) in China, the travel characteristics and charging characteristics of different types of electric vehicles are analyzed. Then we focus on the relationship between state of charge (SOC) and charging power, travel mileage, schedulable capacity. Based on the EV's state of charge and traveling behavior, this paper proposed an evaluation algorithm to calculate the EVs' schedulable capacity. Based on the Monte Carlo simulation, the future schedulable capacity of different types of EVs in East China is forecasted. Last, the relationship between grid's dispatching and EVs' schedulable capacity is also discussed. Simulation results indicate that plug-in electric vehicles have huge potential to achieve “peak load shifting” effectively and improve the grid's efficiency.

Electric Vehicle (EV) charging scheduling is a necessary aspect of everyday use of EVs. It may be addressed with respect to the grid, the service provider (aggregator) and the EV owner (customer). This paper presents a profit maximization collaborative multi-aggregator scheduling scheme which evaluates the customer benefits in two ways. The first is to propose an indicator that evaluates the impact of multi-aggregator collaboration on the EV charging cost. The second is to include a fine levied on the service provider as a consequence of EVs remaining unscheduled. A distributed approach is considered while performing a multi-aggregator collaborative scheduling. The results indicate that collaborative scheduling results in greater aggregator profits along with lowered EV charging costs. It was further observed that multi-aggregator collaboration results in fewer penalties due to unscheduled EVs, resulting in an increase in the total number of scheduled EVs and the aggregator profits.

Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) have been transforming the fossil fueled transportation system into a sustainable and emission free transportation system. This paper studies the integration of electric vehicles and associated complexities involved with energy management in a distribution level microgrid. The microgrid is situated at University of California Riverside College of Engineering- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (UCR CE-CERT). Efficiency issues of electric vehicles in comparison to conventional gasoline engine vehicles have been discussed from the source of energy viewpoint. The real time charging characteristics for different types of electric vehicles have been addressed considering level II and level III chargers. The charging impacts on building load and distribution grid of the system are also shown to assess the future challenges of large scale EV integration.

Electric vehicle not only is an available solution to energy crisis and environmental pollution, but also meets the demands for fuel economy and emission standard. After discussing the structural features of different types of electric vehicles, this paper proposes several energy management strategies for each type, and looks into the future of electric vehicle development.

This paper presents the global state of the art of electric vehicles. The engineering philosophy of electric vehicles development, the key features of different types of electric vehicles, the propulsion technology, recent development of batteries technology and commercialization road map are discussed.

In this paper we presented taxonomical review on Impact Assessment of Electric Vehicle Planning in Distribution System for minimizing total real power loss in the system and to minimize reactive power intake from the electric vehicle. The optimal placement and proper coordination control of various types of Electric Vehicles are mainly used for minimization of reactive power loss and active power loss, maximization of power system stability such as voltage, frequency and stability of rotor angle and oscillations in power systems and to improve reliability of system, power factor, system security, load ability of system, control of flow of power and to enhance the capacity of line for proper power flow in a line. This paper also divulges the present scenario of research material regarding with power system performances by optimally placed and properly coordinated control of different types of Electric Vehicles in distribution networks. This article very much useful for engineers, scientist, industrial and researchers, those are working in the fields of optimal placement and proper coordination control of different types of Electric Vehicles in distribution networks System for minimizing total real power loss in the system and to minimize reactive power intake from the electric vehicle.

Perspectives of electric mobility: Total cost of ownership of electric vehicles in Germany

Energy internet is a development trend of energy systems, and electric vehicles (EVs) are one of important components of an energy system. EVs play a variety of roles in energy internet, and they are closely related to the operation of power grid and transportation system. In this paper, the development history, current situation, and characteristics of energy internet are summarized first. Then, the functions and positioning of electric vehicles in energy internet are analyzed from four aspects: transportation tool, electricity load, mobile distributed energy storage equipment, and communication node. After that, the potential impacts of innovative technologies, such as Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), wireless charging, autonomous vehicle and sharing economy model, on the integration of EVs, power grid and transportation system in Energy Internet environment are discussed. Finally, the paper presents future research directions.

The concept of a smart city is one in which planners look beyond the traditional approach to city planning, finding ways to provide a place to live that is environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable in nature. Mobility is a key element to support this new approach in the growth of cities. Sustainable mobility is one of the most important design issues in a smart city, as it could produce high benefits for the quality of life of almost all the city stakeholders. Electric vehicles (EVs) play an important role in sustainable mobility. However, the naive inclusion of EVs in cities leads to several challenges, like increase in peak load, traffic congestion due to charging stations, etc. Hence, the proper design of charging infrastructure and its scheduling is needed to reduce the overall cost of electricity and transportation. This chapter provides the key components of different types of EVs. We will discuss the opportunities, challenges, benefits, and limitations accompanying EVs, and the different types of EVs based on different categories. Emphasis is also given to the impact of EVs on the power grid and to the different charging and scheduling methods for EVs. Finally, the design considerations and challenges associated with EVs are discussed.

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) of electric vehicles (EVs) can help an EV charging station (EVCS) participate in demand response (DR) to save costs. The EVCS owned by a logistics center is responsible to satisfy the charging demands of logistics EVs and private EVs owned by the staffs. The charging behaviors of the two types of EVs are different and have their own regular pattern, which can be considered to guide operation strategy decision-making for the EVCS. Under time-of-use (TOU) pricing, an optimal day-ahead operation model of the EVCS in the logistics center is proposed in this paper, aiming at minimizing the operation electricity costs. By joining in V2G service, two types of EVs contribute to the cost reduction of the EVCS, with charging behaviors of different types of EVs on weekdays and holidays considered. Case studies are conducted to validate the proposed method and the results show that the proposed method can minimize the costs of the EVCS with charging demands of EVs satisfied.

Electrical Vehicle Wireless Charging Technology Based on Energy Internet Application in China

At present, as an important part of the energy internet, plug-in electric vehicle has got more and more attention around the world. Although the plug-in electric vehicle has short mileage, charging inconvenience and other problems, it has real-time visible running state, convenient communication control, two-way control and other advantages to its great potential for development. And the energy internet is the important foundation to solve the future large-scale electric vehicles scattered and incoordination access to the distribution network and resource sharing. Therefore, how to use the energy internet control platform to response the guide of the peak-valley time-of-use (TOU) power price, and then optimizing the electric vehicle access to the grid charging and discharging, and to maximize the potential of electric vehicles energy storage, has important research significance. Based on the analysis of the present situation of the application of electric vehicles in the energy Internet, this paper proposes a cooperative charging algorithm combining the charging current and giving the preferential or compensated price. The objective function and the optimization model of the coordinated charging control algorithm are defined. Taking the electric vehicle charging station in a typical energy internet as an example, this paper combines the electric vehicle load forecasting curve and the time-of-use price curve to simulate the coordinated charge control algorithm proposed in this paper. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively stimulate the interaction between electric vehicle users and power grid and realize the functions of power system peak load filling and emergency power supply; so that electric vehicles become the service terminal in the energy internet, which improve the interactivity, friendliness, and economy of the energy internet.

The 2022 International Conference on Energy Internet and Power Systems (ICEIPS 2022) was successfully held on August 26-28, 2022 in Shanghai, China as a virtual conference. Energy Internet is an important technology to support new electrical power systems but its development in China is still very incipient. Therefore, ICEIPS 2022 provided an academic platform for scholars, engineers, and researchers to increase their skills and gain a better knowledge of the industry’s needs in energy internet and power systems,We were honored to have three distinguished professors to serve as our Conference Chairs. They are Prof. Zainal Kadir from Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Prof. Hazlie Mokhlis from Universiti Malaya, Malaysia and Prof. Hongwei Li from Southwest Petroleum University, China respectively. The online conference consisted of keynote speeches, oral presentations, and online Q&A discussion, bringing together 100 participants. Firstly, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. Then in the oral presentations, the excellent papers we had selected were presented by their authors by turns.During the conference, four professors were invited as keynote speakers to address speeches. Among them, Prof. Zainal Kadir from Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia delivered a keynote speech on Geomagnetically Induced Current Analysis for Grid System Resiliency Assessment. In the report, he presented that the Power System Computer-Aided Design for Electromagnetic Transients incorporating Direct Current (PSCAD/EMTDC) programme and Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) were used to construct a complete power network and a geoelectric field strength was then applied to the whole network in both north and east directions, showing the influence of GIC on HV transformers in the Malaysian power network. Besides, Assoc. Prof. Rakesh Patel from G H Patel college of Engineering & technology, India reported to us The Future of Electric Vehicles and Material Resources. He introduced that electric vehicles (EVs) offer an opportunity to replace fossil fuels in the transport sector. But the issue of long-term sustainability of EVs is underscored by the supply risks of critical material resources used in the EV batteries. The wonderful and dramatic speeches had triggered heated discussion. Moreover, every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.The proceedings of ICEIPS 2022 are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference. These papers feature but are not limited to the following topics: Energy Technology, Utilization and Development, Energy Internet, Electricity Systems, etc. All the papers have been checked through rigorous review and processes to meet the requirements of publication.On behalf of the organizing committee, we would like to express our heartfelt appreciation to the keynote speakers, peer reviewers, and all the participants. In particular, we would like to acknowledge the Journal of Physics: Conference Series, for the endeavor of all its colleagues in publishing this paper volume. The help and contribution of each individual and institution was instrumental in the success of the conference, and with the strong support, we firmly believe that ICEIPS 2022 has been beneficial to all attendees.Committee of ICEIPS 2022List of Committee member is available in this Pdf.