Internet of Energy for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Abstract

In the present world, energy consumption is increasing day by day, and the primary source of energy is fossil-based resources, which will dwindle shortly. A new concept called “Energy Internet” (EI) has recently been introduced to deal with these challenges. The EI vision tends to overcome some critical problems, such as improving sustainable and eco-friendly energy sources, new models for hybrid energy sources, more secure and effective energy management, and control systems. Wired and wireless communication technologies, such as ZigBee, WiMAX, cognitive radio, cellular communications, and the software-defined network (SDN), which are managed via the network system, are applied in the EI system to carry out monitoring, controlling, and management transactions in real time.One of the most recent communication technologies is the Internet of Things (IoT) that has provided the development of numerous different communication protocols. The IoT can be exploited to ensure communication between devices employing dissimilar data types. Moreover, in order to present a communication platform in both machine-to-machine (M2M) and human-to-machine (H2M) environments, IoT technologies utilize several communication mediums, protocols, and layer architectures. Charging demands differ among different types of electric vehicles and are influenced by the charging location. Random variables, such as technical characteristics and drive patterns, are taken into account to estimate the electric vehicles’ charging demand over time. The optimal location of charging stations also plays a critical role. The time-of-use (ToU) price is applied to influence the charging behavior of electric vehicles (EV) owners so that the charging demand can be reduced during peak hours and shifted to the off-peak hours. Due to ToU, the overall power load can be cut down.The chapter begins with a brief overview of the process of power delivery from generation site to load center, the role of demand side management and the challenges and opportunities provided by electric vehicles to the grid. Subsequently, the fundamentals of electric vehicles have been discussed along with an extensive coverage of various practices associated with information sharing and energy management in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using vehicle-to-grid technology. The Internet of Energy is also discussed along with the process of information flow and the various communication technologies. Lastly, a hypothetical analysis is shown to reflect the impact of exchange of information and energy between the vehicle and the grid is discussed for a city with significant number of electric vehicles.