Abstract
The article discusses various methods of lubricating the «wheel-rail» contact zone aimed at reducing friction coefficient and improving the efficiency of energy resource utilization, safety of movement, and environmental indicators. Technologies for delivering lubricating materials to this zone, such as lubricating rods, stationary systems using brushes, or railhead applicators, are outlined. The article highlights issues with existing technologies, including excessive lubrication, the need for component replacements, high lubricant material consumption, and uneven or incorrect application. It is emphasized that precision in the application and dosage of lubricating material is crucial to prevent its transfer onto the wheel and rail surfaces, which could reduce traction. The aerosol method of applying lubricant to the wheel edge is stated to be more accurate and cost-effective. The article mentions the company «SKF» and their EasyRail systems utilizing nozzles with the SP9-2 and SP9-2-S7 metering valves. Schematic representations of the nozzle and its working principle are provided. Sécheron is also mentioned, offering a nozzle for spraying lubricant onto the wheel edge through a two-tube system for oil and oxygen supply. An image of this company's nozzle is included. The text delves into the equipment of the lubrication system by Sécheron, specifically detailing the product's technical characteristics. Information about the development and manufacturing of the locomotive wheel flange lubrication system by the company "Scientific and Production Firm «Yugtekhnotrans» is presented. The article introduces the TrainSys-AL system for lubricating the rail head/running surface, providing a detailed description of its features and technical specifications, including the use of friction modifiers «HeadLub 90» and «RailLub». The products of the company Dropsa are mentioned, specifically the spray valve of the 1132330 series for the lubrication system of railway rolling stock and tracks. The overall context of the text is oriented towards the technical aspects and features of modern lubrication systems in railway transport.The study reviews existing designs of rail and wheel lubrication devices, revealing that there is no ideal design that meets all requirements for material consumption and precision in applying lubricating material. Consequently, a new nozzle for aerosolized oil spray is developed, and a laboratory setup for researching this process is manufactured. The setup operates on compressed air and includes a compressor with a reservoir tank for stabilizing nozzle operation. The hydraulic scheme of the setup is described, with key elements such as a ball valve, pressure reducing valve, pressure gauge, tank, and nozzle. The preparation of the setup for operation and its functioning principle are demonstrated. Research results indicate that the developed setup effectively sprays both dense and liquid lubricants depending on the air pressure and nozzle diameter. Graphs illustrating lubricant consumption for different types of lubricants and various nozzle parameters are provided.
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