Abstract
AbstractCitral, a monoterpene aldehyde synthesized by several plant families, was recently shown to exhibit ultraviolet A light (320–400 nm) (UVA)‐enhanced oxygen‐dependent toxicity against bacteria and fungi (Escherichia coliandFusariumspecies). In this study, we report for the first time that citral is phototoxic to insects; at concentrations of 300 ppm in artificial diet, mortality of first instarTrichoplusia ni(cabbage loopers) approached 30% after 120 h of UVA exposure, approximately double the mortality level in the absence of UVA. At 300 ppm, the antioxidant vitamin A reduces citral phototoxicity by about 50% in this species, suggesting that citral phototoxicity against insects is oxygen dependent.
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