Abstract
The fast moving world full of data exchange and communication technology, with all sensitive information of an individual virtually available anywhere and anytime, make the Internet world more critical in security aspects. The areas of risks are attended and assured to be safe by means of some sought of crypto mechanisms. The strength and vulnerability of the crypto mechanism defines the durability of the system. The encryption on the communication channel can implement either public or private key algorithms based on the area of applications. The public key cryptography is specifically designed to keep the key itself safe between the sender and receiver themselves. There are plenty of public key cryptographic algorithms but only a few are renowned. This paper is aimed to collect all possible public key cryptographic methods and analyze its pros and cons so as to find a better algorithm to suite almost all conditions in Internet communication world and e-commerce. Research in quantum computers is booming now and it is anticipated that the supremacy of quantum computers will crack the present public key crypto algorithms. This paper highlights issues and challenges to be faced from quantum computing and draws the attention of network researchers to march towards researching on quantum-safe algorithms.
Highlights
SymmetricKeyCryptographydealswithasinglesecret key shared by both users namely Sender andreceiverwhereasAsymmetricKeyCryptographydeals with pair of relatedkeys called privatekey and public key(shared by both users namely Sender and receiver).Hashingisaone-waycryptographictransformationusinganalgorithm(andnokey)
This lead to a threatto the entire cryptographic world, which involves usescomplexmathematicalcalculations,mostlyAsymmetricPublicKeyencryption.Thisissueistemporarilysolvedbyusi ngQuantum-keyspacewhereinthekeysoftheasymmetricpublickeycryptography are transmitted in the form of photonsratherthanbinarydigits.Inthiscaseifaneavesdropper tries to trap the photons it changes stateand key will fail resulting in the loss of information toboth the sender and the receiver too
The entry of post-quantum cryptography has lead tothe necessity to assign different structures for holdingcomposite public keys in different algorithms
Summary
This era of information technology creates a majorconcern on thesecurity of the information and themethods of addressing the challenges of data security.Cryptographyisusedinplacesofdatastorageandalso incommunicationofdata. Quantumencryption and quantum cryptography all means thesamewhereinthecryptographyisachievedbyexecuting complex mathematical algorithms to hidethe dataandinformationfromtheeavesdropper. This paper is aimed to present a literature review ontheresearchaspectsofasymmetriccryptography.Sincethedesignanddevelopmentofasymmetriccryptography date back from the middle of 1970s, theresearch papers fortheliterature study are coveredfromthemidof1970‘sto2020.Itisobservedfromtheliteraturestudythatthereareseveralongoingresearch works on new methods for encryption anddecryption which will be more challenging to attacksby booming of large scale. Rivest et al presented a method for Obtaining DigitalSignaturesandPublic-KeyCryptosystemswhichisthe first secure Asymmetric cryptographic algorithm.Later, it is referred to as RSA Algorithm and ,followedtheDiffieHellmanlogicofpublickeysystem. This concept gives an idea to a researcher inthefieldofcryptographyofhowtoproceedwhendesigning a new algorithm so that whoever reads thearticlecaneasilyunderstandthevalueofthepieceof
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