Abstract
Social work supervision focused on clients until supervision was conceptualized as a training process. This conceptualization shifted the focus from clients to workers and guides contemporary supervision research. The result is circular thinking and a self-recursive body of knowledge that is blind to client outcomes. The authors propose a three-part research agenda to refocus supervision on clients. First, supervision should be reconceptualized with multiple operational definitions that reflect different strategies of practice. Second, researchers should observe and analyze behavior that links supervisory and subordinate practice with improved caseload outcomes. Third, client outcomes should be measured on a caseload basis. When supervisory practices have been contrasted on the basis of client outcomes to show systematic and significant differences, supervision theory can be advanced by examining practice in context.
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