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Abstract
The java tea is significantly used in traditional medicine for its anti-allergic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties. The present study is designed to assess the effect of java tea after its chronic use on male reproduction, cytological and biochemical changes in Swiss albino mice. Java tea was administered orally at the doses 62.50, 125 and 250 mg/kg/day for 90 days. Higher dose of Java tea caused a significantly reduction in sperm count and motility along with an induction of morphological abnormalities in spermatozoa and also induced aberrations in sperm chromosomes compare to normal mice. Higher dose caused a significant increase in plasma levels of estradiol and decrease in testosterone levels. It also reduced the fertility index in male and female mice and that indicates towards the induction of dominant lethal mutations after sub-chronic administration of Java tea particularly in higher dose treated group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was found to be increased along with a concomitant reduction in Non-Protein Sulfhydryl (NP-SH) in testes tissue. In conclusion, Java tea administration at higher dose induces reproductive toxicity in mice and the study paves a path to further investigate its clinical effects on reproductive system.
Highlights
Orthosiphon stamineus Benth [syn: Orthosiphon aristatus (B1) Miq., Orthosiphon grandiflorus Bold., Orthosiphon spicatus (Thumb.) Bak.; Lamiaceae] (Suresh et al, 2003) is one of the popular traditional folk medicines extensively used in Southeast Asia for the treatment of a wide range of diseases
Significant (p
The other estimated hormone levels in plasma: Human-Chorionic Gonadotropin, Leutenizing hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Prolactin were not significantly (p>0.05) altered in male mice treated with different doses of Java tea for 90 days (Table 3)
Summary
Orthosiphon stamineus Benth [syn: Orthosiphon aristatus (B1) Miq., Orthosiphon grandiflorus Bold., Orthosiphon spicatus (Thumb.) Bak.; Lamiaceae] (Suresh et al, 2003) is one of the popular traditional folk medicines extensively used in Southeast Asia for the treatment of a wide range of diseases It is used for rheumatism, diabetes, hypertension, tonsillitis, epilepsy, menstrual disorder, gonorrhea, syphilis, renal calculus and gallstones (Mohamed et al, 2012; Awale et al, 2002; Akowuah et al, 2005; Ameer et al, 2012). The cytotoxic and/or antiproliferative nature of the constituents of Java tea is obviously related to their prooxidant properties, since the same compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, terepnes) could behave as both antioxidants and prooxidants, depending on concentration and free radical source. Flavonoids, may act as pro-oxidants that generate free radicals and as inhibitors of key enzymes involved in hormone metabolism Since these compounds cross the placenta, the unborn fetus may be at great risk (Skibola and Smith, 2000)
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