Repression, State Terrorism, and Genocide: Conceptual Clarifications

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Repression, like oppression and suppression, involves pressure, which can be exerted either physically against the members of a class of subjects, or in a psychological form, affecting the emotional, mental or spiritual well-being of target groups. The sovereign state is often considered as an impartial arbiter between the groups and classes in society, wielding the legitimate monopoly of violence to maintain public order. State terrorism goes beyond the legitimate use of violence by those holding the reins of power, just as war crimes go beyond what is considered permissible in warfare. As one moves toward the center, denial of social and economic privileges gives way to threat or use of coercion which in turn gives way to threat or use of violence. To confront situations of illegitimate repression, state terror, and genocide, an array of sanction mechanisms should be devised, representing varying levels of coercion.