Reporting of the translation and cultural adaptation procedures of the Addenbrooke\u2019s Cognitive Examination version III (ACE-III) and its predecessors: a systematic review

Nadine Mirza,Waquas Waheed,Maria Panagioti,Muhammad Wali Waheed

doi:10.1186/s12874-017-0413-6

Nadine Mirza, Waquas Waheed + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0413-6

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Abstract

BackgroundThe ACE-III, a gold standard for screening cognitive impairment, is restricted by language and culture, with no uniform set of guidelines for its adaptation. To develop guidelines a compilation of all the adaptation procedures undertaken by adapters of the ACE-III and its predecessors is needed.MethodsWe searched EMBASE, Medline and PsychINFO and screened publications from a previous review. We included publications on adapted versions of the ACE-III and its predecessors, extracting translation and cultural adaptation procedures and assessing their quality.ResultsWe deemed 32 papers suitable for analysis. 7 translation steps were identified and we determined which items of the ACE-III are culturally dependent.ConclusionsThis review lists all adaptations of the ACE, ACE-R and ACE-III, rates the reporting of their adaptation procedures and summarises adaptation procedures into steps that can be undertaken by adapters.

Highlights

The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE)-III, a gold standard for screening cognitive impairment, is restricted by language and culture, with no uniform set of guidelines for its adaptation
We were able to produce a successful systematic review that lists all the existing translations and cultural adaptations of the ACE, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Version III (ACE-III) [1, 4, 6], and were able to rate all the reporting of their translation and cultural adaptation procedures on reliable scales that we have developed for public use
Inter rater reliability of the Manchester Translation Reporting Questionnaire (MTRQ) was found to be fair and for the Manchester Cultural Adaptation Reporting Questionnaire (MCAR) was found to be moderate [15], comparisons of the scores with a third author as a mediator and better understanding of the scales deemed the scores we assigned in this review as suitable ratings for the ACE, ACE-R and ACE-III publications

Summary

Introduction

The ACE-III, a gold standard for screening cognitive impairment, is restricted by language and culture, with no uniform set of guidelines for its adaptation. It was designed to assess the five cognitive domains attention, memory, verbal fluency, language and visuospatial abilities, as well as provide an overall indication of cognitive function It was later updated in 2006 to account for cross cultural usage and improved sensitivity [3], resulting in the development of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) [4]. The ACE-III retains many of the items originally found in the ACE-R and the ACE, and is considered a comprehensive screening tool for cognitive impairment [5], comparing favourably to other standard neuropsychological tests [8] It is not surprising that all three versions of the ACE [1, 4, 6] have been translated into various languages and are used widely across the globe.

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