Abstract
Policy-makers and activists have control over nurture but not nature. Thus, identifying the effect of changing nurture without directly altering nature is imperative for understanding whether we can reduce gender differences. The Khasi and Karbi offer a unique “natural experiment,” allowing us to identify the effect of “changing” nurture without directly altering nature. Standard cross-cultural studies cannot achieve such identification because nurture often covaries with, for example, genetics. Although experiments, such as those that manipulate stereotype salience or training, enable us to identify the role of nurture, they do not enable us to know if changes to nurture could have a dramatic impact on an entire society. This natural experiment is the main methodological innovation of our paper. To our knowledge it is the first comparison of two matched societies, used to identify the role of nurture while holding constant nature.
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