Abstract
BackgroundThe basic strategy to construct tissue engineered bone graft (TEBG) is to combine osteoblastic cells with three dimensional (3D) scaffold. Based on this strategy, we proposed the “Totally Vitalized TEBG” (TV-TEBG) which was characterized by abundant and homogenously distributed cells with enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation and further investigated its biological performance in repairing segmental bone defect.MethodsIn this study, we constructed the TV-TEBG with the combination of customized flow perfusion seeding/culture system and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold fabricated by Rapid Prototyping (RP) technique. We systemically compared three kinds of TEBG constructed by perfusion seeding and perfusion culture (PSPC) method, static seeding and perfusion culture (SSPC) method, and static seeding and static culture (SSSC) method for their in vitro performance and bone defect healing efficacy with a rabbit model.ResultsOur study has demonstrated that TEBG constructed by PSPC method exhibited better biological properties with higher daily D-glucose consumption, increased cell proliferation and differentiation, and better cell distribution, indicating the successful construction of TV-TEBG. After implanted into rabbit radius defects for 12 weeks, PSPC group exerted higher X-ray score close to autograft, much greater mechanical property evidenced by the biomechanical testing and significantly higher new bone formation as shown by histological analysis compared with the other two groups, and eventually obtained favorable healing efficacy of the segmental bone defect that was the closest to autograft transplantation.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of TV-TEBG construction with combination of perfusion seeding, perfusion culture and RP technique which exerted excellent biological properties. The application of TV-TEBG may become a preferred candidate for segmental bone defect repair in orthopedic and maxillofacial fields.
Highlights
Tissue engineered bone graft (TEBG), with integration of three dimensional (3D) scaffold and osteoblastic cells, may promote bone healing without the undesirable side effects associated with autograft and allograft [1,2,3]
We propose the ‘‘Totally Vitalized tissue engineered bone graft (TEBG)’’ (TVTEBG) which is characterized by abundant and homogenously distributed osteoblastic cells with enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation
Cell viability Proliferation of cells on the scaffolds was indicated by the cell viability, which could be determined by MTT colorimetric method
Summary
Tissue engineered bone graft (TEBG), with integration of three dimensional (3D) scaffold and osteoblastic cells, may promote bone healing without the undesirable side effects associated with autograft and allograft [1,2,3]. It is based on the hypothesis that osteoblastic cells, either implanted or further recruited to the bone defects, can promote rapid bone regeneration and reunion [4] For this reason, we propose the ‘‘Totally Vitalized TEBG’’ (TVTEBG) which is characterized by abundant and homogenously distributed osteoblastic cells with enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation. The basic strategy to construct tissue engineered bone graft (TEBG) is to combine osteoblastic cells with three dimensional (3D) scaffold Based on this strategy, we proposed the ‘‘Totally Vitalized TEBG’’ (TV-TEBG) which was characterized by abundant and homogenously distributed cells with enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation and further investigated its biological performance in repairing segmental bone defect
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