Abstract
This paper presents a method for coordinated network expansion planning (CNEP) in which the difference between the total cost and the flexibility benefit is minimized. In the proposed method, the generation expansion planning (GEP) of wind farms is coordinated with the transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem by using energy storage systems (ESSs) to improve network flexibility. To consider the impact of the reactive power in the CNEP problem, the AC power flow model is used. The CNEP constraints include the AC power flow equations, planning constraints of the different equipment, and the system operating limits. Therefore, this model imposes hard nonlinearity onto the problem, which is linearized by the use of first-order Taylor’s series and the big-M method as well as the linearization of the circular plane. The uncertainty of loads, the energy price, and the wind farm generation are modeled by scenario-based stochastic programming (SBSP). To determine the effectiveness of the proposed solution approach, it is tested on the IEEE 6-bus and 24-bus test systems using GAMS software.
Highlights
To show the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated network expansion planning (CNEP) problem with AC power flow equations, it is tested on the IEEE 6-bus and IEEE 24-bus test systems, which are usually considered as test cases in previous research works in this area, such as [40,41,42]
This paper presents a method for the CNEP problem that minimizes the difference between investment and operation costs and flexibility benefit according to optimal power flow equations and planning constraints of different equipment
Stochastic programming according to roulette wheel mechanism (RWM)-based scenario generation and Kantorovich method-based scenario reduction is used in this paper to model the forecasted error uncertainty of the load, energy price, and Renewable energy sources (RESs)
Summary
The expansion planning problem of power systems has been faced with new challenges. In the conventional expansion planning models, the expansion planning of transmission systems and the generation expansion planning were two separate problems [1,2]. Determining the optimal size and location of RESs in the planning of power systems is important [3,4]. One of the main solutions to overcome the inflexibility problem of a power system is the deployment of flexible sources (FSs) such as energy storage systems (ESSs) [6]. The expansion planning of transmission systems can no longer be considered a separate problem from generation expansion planning, due to the system’s flexibility challenges. Network expansion planning should be coordinated with the size and placement of renewable energy sources and flexible sources
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