Abstract
The increasing global demand for energy and the environmental challenges posed by fossil fuels necessitate the exploration of alternative, renewable energy sources. Soil-based bio-batteries offer a sustainable solution by converting organic matter into electricity. This study introduces segmented bio-batteries, which integrate multiple microbial cells in series or parallel, improving power density and scalability. Manure from cattle, birds, and sheep is used as an organic substrate to enhance microbial activity, optimizing energy output. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of segmented bio-batteries in generating electricity, recycling agricultural waste, and reducing carbon footprints, making them viable for rural electrification and environmental sustainability. Keywords—Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), Segmented bio-batteries, Renewable energy, Power density enhancement, Agricultural applications, Soil-based energy systems, Sustainable energy, Waste-to-energy conversion, Eco-friendly power generation, Rural electrification
Published Version
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