Abstract
To a great extent, Pakistan and Turkey rely on imported fossil fuels to meet their energy demands. Pakistan is moving in the right direction, placing focus on renewable energy resources in its current infrastructure in order to address the energy shortage. Several projects (e.g., wind power and solar PV (photovoltaic) technologies) are operational or under development; they are intended to reduce energy challenges in Pakistan. The new government in Pakistan aims to increase the share of renewable energy in total power generation to 30% by 2030. On the other hand, Turkey surpasses Pakistan in renewable energy resources; for example, there are 186 operational wind energy power plants across the country. In addition, Turkey utilizes solar energy—mainly for residential usage. Turkey’s Vision 2023 energy agenda aims to supply 30% of their power demands from modern renewable energy resources. Turkey has implemented solar PV, solar buildings, wind power plants, geothermal energy resources, and biomass technology for heating, cooling and electricity generation. At present, Turkey’s supply to meet energy demands in the country is 56% fossil fuel energy resources and 44% renewable energy, including hydropower. Accessible details reveal that geothermal energy resources have been continuously neglected in Pakistan by the Ministry of Energy (power division); this is in contrast to the Turkish case, in which utilization of geothermal energy resources for heating and cooling purposes is efficient. With all the facts and figures under consideration, in this paper, comparative analyses are performed which reveal that the production of electricity from geothermal energy technologies is lower than the massive potential in both countries. Recommendations are made for important policies to promote renewable energy technologies, which could effectively support energy decentralization by providing electricity to rural areas and the national grid.
Highlights
This paper proposes important policy recommendations—after discussing in detail comparisons of both countries in terms of various factors, e.g., reliance on fossil fuels, population, CO2 emission per capita, international funding received for clean renewable energy, and annual change in renewable energy generation and associated energy categories
Transforming the energy systems of Turkey and Pakistan is at the core of working toward a resolution for global warming problems in their respective regions
With the utilization of only 10% of modern renewable energy resources as of 2017, Turkey produced 297,278 GWh electricity to meet some of its energy demands
Summary
Pakistan and Turkey aforementioned trends from 2000 to 2019 for annual change in renewable energy generation 2019 for change in renewable energy generation For biofuel energy genernancegeothermal in terms of capacity annual change in overall renewable energy generation, hydropower, and in specific countries. The USA dominates other countries ofbiofuel biofuel energy solar and wind power generation. The proposed policy recommendations aim to minimize losses in the energy sector, reduce greenhouse gases and relieve both countries from dependence on imported energy They emphasize the governments’ role in providing subsidies to private sector and development partners, and launching innovative, feasible projects.
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