Abstract
In order to make a realistic assessment of the energy alternatives for the developing world, the present conditions of the developing region, consisting of Africa and Asia (excluding South Africa, Japan and China), are studied first. Highlights include: low commercial energy consumption (0.2 kW/ cap), heavy dependence on oil and noncommercial energy, and especially poor conditions of the rural energy supply. Since fossil fuels need to be conserved and nuclear energy is not an option for many of the developing countries, what renewable options could bring is evaluated in detail. Socio-techno-economic parameters for developing and employing renewable energy sources are identified for biogas, wood plantation, solar, and hydropower. The study concludes that the developing countries could obtain 35% of the energy in 2030 with the low-demand scenario of 0.9 kW/ cap. However, with the high-demand scenario of 1.4 kW/ cap, active policies in nuclear energy and fossil fuels as well would be required.
Published Version
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