Renewable electrochemical detection interface for thousand times based on zinc doping perovskite-like material

Abstract

Simple and multiple regeneration of electrochemical detection interface is still an extreme challenge. Inspired by reversible exsolution and dissolution of metal nanoparticles in perovskite, a renewable electrochemical detection interface modified with Zn0.5NiOOH enabling zinc to undergo switching from multivalent-zinc to zero-valent-zinc driven by potential was designed. Zinc was doped into NiOOH lattice along (003) facet in an interstitial mechanism, which empowered zinc to exsolve from NiOOH. Solvation and electrostatic effects enabled zinc to re-dissolve into the lattice. Zn0.5NiOOH-modified electrochemical detection interface for tumor marker can be rapidly regenerated in 50 s, regeneration rate was more than 99%, and number of reuses reached 1000 times. As a proof-of-concept, an electrochemical immunoassay based on the Zn0.5NiOOH-modified detection interface was constructed for detection of squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA), whose platform can be easily regenerated and exhibit an excellent analytical performance with a wide range from 1 μg mL−1 to 1 pg mL−1 and ultralow detection limit of 100.98 fg mL−1. The work represents a significant improvement of electrochemical sensor in practical applications.