Abstract
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a group of kidney disorders characterized by impaired renal acidification, leading to disturbances in acid-base balance. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of RTA, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. Three main types of RTA are discussed: distal RTA (Type 1), proximal RTA (Type 2), and hyperkalemic RTA (Type 4). Each type’s underlying causes and mechanisms are explored, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis for appropriate management. Diagnostic approaches involving clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and specialized renal function studies are described in detail. The treatment strategies for each type of RTA are outlined, emphasizing the importance of correcting the acid-base imbalance and managing associated electrolyte abnormalities. Lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions are discussed, including alkali supplementation and potassium regulation. Finally, the need for further research and prospective studies to enhance our understanding of RTA and improve therapeutic interventions is emphasized. Advancements in diagnosis
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