Abstract
Sulfonamides (SAs) have been extensively detected in drinking water sources and warrant further studies on the removal of them in water treatment processes. Sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfathiazole (STZ) were investigated using Fixed-film activated sludge membrane bioreactors (IFAS-MBRs). The research indicates that addition of SAs has obvious inhibit the removal of COD and NH4+-N in three reactors while the average removal efficiencies of SDZ, SMX and STZ were all over 94 %. The degradation mechanism of three SAs were concluded as follows: the fracture of multiple cleavage sites to form new intermediates, breaking of bonds in different R substituents to generate new substances, hydroxylation, amino nitration, and recombination between these cleavage substances. The microbial community results showed that at the phylum level, Proteobacteria was the dominant, followed by Bacteroidetes, Patescibacteria and Acidobacteria. At the genus level, Rhodanobacter may be the characteristic bacteria in SAs degradation.
Published Version
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