Abstract
Removal of pollutant ultrafine silica, hematite and cadmium sulfide particles from low concentrated suspensions was investigated by collecting onto the surface of a solid waste material, fibers of a slag from ferro-nickel smelting, placed in a column bed. The removal efficiency was found to be dependent on the pH of the suspensions. In an acidic environment the removal efficiency was 100% for silica and 98% for hematite and cadmium sulfide. Differences in the collection behavior of the three types of particles suggest that surface interaction is playing an important role in the particle collection process. For unfavorable removal conditions, a surface treatment made to the slag fiber collector significantly improved the removal efficiency of the three different ultrafme particles. This surface treatment increased the removal efficiency from 3% to 93% for silica, from 15% to 100% for hematite and from 60% to 100% for cadmium sulfide. Due to the extremely small size of the ultrafine particles (≤ 0.10 μm) and the small fiber/space ratio within the collector bed (0.176), the experimental results were discussed by considering the total interaction potential model based on the DLVO theory. This was complemented by a second mechanism regarding coagulation by metal cations dissolved from the collector.
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