Abstract
AbstractIn this article, the technical feasibility of raw and activated carbon hazelnut shells for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from wastewaters has been reviewed. Adsorption has been proved to be an excellent way to treat industrial waste effluents, offering significant advantages like the low-cost, availability, profitability, convenience in operation and efficiency. There is a great potential of hazelnut shells to be used in adsorption applications. Nanotechnology is an advanced field of science having the ability to solve the variety of environmental challenges by controlling the size and shape of the materials at a nanoscale. Carbon nanomaterials are unique because of their nontoxic nature, high surface area, easier biodegradation and particularly useful environmental remediation. Textile industry effluents and heavy metal contamination in water are major problems and pose a great risk to human health. Carbon nanomaterials namely carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene, graphene oxide and activated carbon have great potential for removal of heavy metals and dyes from water because of their large surface area, nanoscale size and availability of different functionalities and they are easier to be chemically modified and recycled. Activated carbon was also prepared using agricultural by-products such as palm-tree cobs, grape seeds, several nutshells (almond shell, hazelnut shell, walnut shell and apricot stone), olive-waste cakes and corn cob due to the fact that activated carbon made from conventional raw materials are expensive. This review reports the removal of heavy metals and dyes from wastewaters using raw and activated carbon hazelnut shells in order to provide useful information on various aspects of utilization of the agricultural waste materials and carbon nanomaterials. The adsorption capacities of raw and activated carbon hazelnut shells under different experimental conditions are also reported and compared with other agro-based adsorbents.KeywordsActivated carbonCarbon nanomaterialsHazelnut shellsLow-cost adsorbentsHeavy metalsTextile dyes
Published Version
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