Abstract
Drinking water contamination by fluoride component (F-) is considered as a main public problem in Basra city. The current study highlights on the removal of (F-) from drinking water using effective and low cost materials namely, banana shell and new technical that prepared from orange shell loaded with Zirconyl chloride solutions (Z-r4 (O-H)8 (H2-O)16] Cl8 (H2-O)12) to develop active adsorption sites for fluoride . High removal efficiency of 94.4 was achieved using fixed bed column loaded (Zc-dejr) under optimum operating conditions, 15.1 ppm of feed concentration, 4.5 pH of feed solution and 4 cm of bed depth. Result of breakthrough profile showed that Thomas was coincided well with the experimental data. Two model, Pseude first order and Pseudo second order where used for finding the mechanism of adsorption kinetics for fluoride (F-) removal by two-bio adsorbents. The result showed that the external adsorption besides to the intra-particle diffusion contributes to the rate influential step. Lagmaier model gives the better result model for the two adsorbents then Temkin isotherm model (TIM). The final concentration of fluoride in treated water with the banana shell adsorbent was 1 mg/l, and with the new solution (Z-r4 (O-H)8(H2-O)16] Cl8 (H2-O)12 ) was 0.5 mg /l which is acceptable with the standard World Health Organization (WHO).
Highlights
Fluoride is important as well as toxic for the human health
A maximum adsorption capability for dehydrated orange juice remains adsorbent is greeter Banana shell. It indicates that the experimental data was close fitting with Langmiur isotherm model (LIM)
Fig. (3a and b) shows kinetics results of two models, Pseude first order (PFM st) and Pseudo second order (PSM nd) for fluoride (F-) removal using two-bio adsorbents
Summary
Fluoride is important as well as toxic for the human health. Its higher concentration in water creates health problems. The World Health Society has quantified 1.5 mg/L of fluoride (F-) concentration as the acceptable range in drinking water. Concentrations above this value carry an increasing risk of dental fluorosis, and much higher concentrations lead to skeletal fluorosis. The present work was focused on great an economical method for high removal of fluoride by low cost adsorbent, banana shell and an orange shell remain after its loaded with Zirconyl chloride solution named as (Zc-dejr). Zirconyl chloride solution has high selectivity to fluoride over other comparable anionic species. It has high reusability of up to several continuous sequences of adsorption followed by desorption negligible degradation of the adsorption capacity. An orange shell remain is considered as disposal metal from any user and have low cost because its feed material is orange waste itself, one of the plentiful agricultural biomass, and
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