Abstract
To enhance the effectiveness of ionic liquids in water treatment, a novel approach was devised involving the encapsulation of ionic liquids within a chitosan shell. This study focuses on the development and application of chitosan-encapsulated Aliquat-336 capsules (CACs) for the removal of diclofenac (DCF) from aqueous solution. The optimal preparation conditions, as determined through response surface methodology, were as follows: (1) Aliquat-336 content = 13.8%, (2) TPP concentration = 6%, and (3) crosslinking time = 0.5 h. CACs exhibited exceptional adsorption capabilities for DCF across a wide pH range, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 387.2 ± 25.6 mg/g at pH 7 according to the adsorption isotherm results. Adsorption kinetic results showed that the overall adsorption rate of DCF was controlled by liquid film diffusion. Furthermore, the slight antagonism of coexisting anions at low concentrations and significant synergy at high concentrations confirmed the practical suitability of CACs. The characterization of CACs before and after adsorption was analyzed by electron microscopy, pHPZC analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results demonstrated the successful preparation of CACs and underscored the pivotal role played by the quaternary amine group within Aliquat-336, encapsulated within the CACs, in facilitating the removal of DCF through electrostatic attraction.
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