Removal of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride from Aqueous Solution by Pomegranate Peel Grown in Alziedab Agricultural Scheme - River Nile State, Sudan

Mutasim Elhag Elhussien

doi:10.11648/j.ab.20170505.12

Abstract

Removal of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic from aqueous solution onto Activated carbon derived from pomegranate peel wastes collected from Alziedab Agricultural Scheme at River Nile state, Sudan as a novel precursorby chemical activation with Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), at specific condition of carbonization temperature at 500°C and 1 hour as a holding time and detonated as (AC(PPZS)KOH. The obtained material was submitted to measurements of active surface area, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Batch-adsorption studied had been carried out to examine the adsorption capacity of the AC(PPZS)KOH for the removal of Ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution. The effect of various process parameters like pH, initial antibiotic concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time, on the efficiency of Ciprofloxacin removal was investigated. Maximum adsorption of Ciprofloxacin on AC(PPZS)KOH, (86.4 ± 5.7%) was observed at pH 8. The optimum adsorbent dose was determined as 0.05 g at 25°C. Initial Ciprofloxacin concentrations has important effect on AC(PPZS)KOH in the studied range (50–300 mg/L) where the removal percentage increases as the antibiotic concentration decrease. The adsorption equilibrium data was well explained by Freundlich isotherm. The results reveal the Langmuir model is not able to describe the experimental data properly, poor less of fitting on AC(PPZS)KOH. The Freundlich isotherm experimental data obtained showed (Correlation Coefficient, R 2 = 0.991) higher than Langmuir isotherm, R 2 = 0.919). The porous characteristics and adsorption efficiencies of prepared AC(PPZS)KOH were also investigated.

Highlights

The removal of conventional pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants was in focus for the last decades and so their behavior is well understood [1]
The carbonaceous precursor used for preparation of activated carbon (AC) was Pomegranate Peel, collected from Alziedab Agricultural Scheme (PPZS) at River Nile State, Sudan
The adsorption of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) onto Activated Carbon derived from Pomegranate Peel wastes collected from Alziedab Agricultural Scheme at River Nile state, Sudan has been studied

Summary

Introduction

The removal of conventional pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants was in focus for the last decades and so their behavior is well understood [1]. On the other side very little is known about the behavior of trace pollutants yet, which are present in the environment in extremely low concentrations. Pharmaceuticals are an example for the variety of man-made trace pollutants that are introduced in surface or subsurface water bodies [2]. Peel Grown in Alziedab Agricultural Scheme - River Nile State, Sudan landfill leachate [4, 5]. Adsorbents such as charcoal [6], polymers [7] and bentonite [8,9,10,11,12] in adsorption of drug, are recognized in clinical practice and environmental treatment. The safety, high adsorptive capacity, and high specific surface, have been accepted for a long time

Methods

Results

Conclusion