Abstract
Removal of Lead (II) from aqueous solution onto Activated carbon derived from Palm tree leaves (Phoenix dactylifera) as a novel precursor by chemical activation with ZnCl2, at specific condition of carbonization temperature at 500°C and 1 hour as a holding time and detonated as AC(PTL)ZnCl2. The obtained material was submitted to measurements of active surface area, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Batch-adsorption studied had been carried out to examine the adsorption capacity of the AC(PTL)ZnCl2 for the removal of Lead (II) from aqueous solution. The effect of various process parameters like pH, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature on the efficiency of Pb (II) removal was investigated. Maximum adsorption of Pb (II) on AC(PTL)ZnCl2(86.4%) was observed at pH 5.81. The optimum conditions for adsorbent dose and temperature were determined as 0.030 g and 25°C, respectively. Initial Pb (II) concentrations has important effect on AC(PTL)ZnCl2 in the studied range (25–125 mg/L) where the removal percentage increases as the metal ion decrease. The highest percentage removal of concentration corresponding to the maximum adsorption was found to be 82.75 ± 3.65. The adsorption equilibrium data was well explained by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. The parameters suggested that the adsorption of Pb (II) on prepared AC(PTL)ZnCl2 is physical adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm which fitted best for the experimental data obtained showed (Correlation Coefficient, R2 = 0.9463) higher than the (Freundlich isotherm, R2 = 0.7554), but more close to (Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm, R2 = 0.9260). The porous characteristics and adsorption efficiencies of prepared AC(PTL)ZnCl2 were also investigated.
Highlights
The lack of clean drinking water and rise in environmental water pollution are a growing global concern
Specific Surface Area Measured by Liquid Nitrogen Adsorption
The main conclusions which are achieved from this research are: 1. The prepared activated carbon, AC(PTL)ZnCl2, used in this study is found to have a high capability for removing the Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution
Summary
The lack of clean drinking water and rise in environmental water pollution are a growing global concern. Availability of safe drinking water is still distance dream to many around the world, especially in developing countries. Increasing of human activities and industrialization have led to a wide range of physical, chemical and biological pollutants entering water, bodies and affecting human lives, thousands of chemicals have been identified in drinking water supplies around the world hazardous to human health. Nowadays water pollution by heavy metals is fast growing due to natural processes and increasing human activities which include mining, agriculture, and manufacturing industries [1]. There for, must be work to create a healthier, safer, and cleaner environment for everyone by helping to guarantee clean drinking water, preserving raw water sources and ensuring the optimal operation water purification processes.
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