Removal of Carbamazepine onto Modified Zeolitic Tuff in Different Water Matrices: Batch and Continuous Flow Experiments

Shannon L Bartelt-Hunt,Daniel D Snow,Diya A Alsafadi,Layal Z Alsalhi,Othman A Al-Mashaqbeh

doi:10.3390/w13081084

Shannon L Bartelt-Hunt, Daniel D Snow + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081084

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Journal: Water	Publication Date: Apr 15, 2021
Citations: 11	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Royal Scientific Society

Abstract

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is the most frequently detected pharmaceutical residues in aquatic environments effluent by wastewater treatment plants. Batch and column experiments were conducted to evaluate the removal of CBZ from ultra-pure water and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent using raw zeolitic tuff (RZT) and surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ). Point zero net charge (pHpzc), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were investigated for adsorbents to evaluate the physiochemical changes resulted from the modification process using Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br). XRD and FTIR showed that the surfactant modification of RZT has created an amorphous surface with new alkyl groups on the surface. The pHpzc was determined to be approximately 7.9 for RZT and SMZ. The results indicated that the CBZ uptake by SMZ is higher than RZT in all sorption tests (>8 fold). Batch results showed that the sorption capacity of RZT and SMZ in WWTP effluent (0.029 and 0.25 mg/g) is higher than RZT and SMZ (0.018 and 0.14 mg/g) in ultrapure water (1.6–1.8 fold). Batch tests showed that the equilibrium time of CBZ removal in the WWTP matrix (47 h) is much longer than CBZ removal in ultrapure water. The sorption capacity of RZT & SMZ in WWTP effluent (0.03, 0.33 mg/g) is higher than RZT and SMZ (0.02 and 0.17 mg/g) in ultrapure water (1.5–2 fold) using column test. This study has clearly demonstrated that the performance of RZT and SMZ is more efficient for the removal of CBZ from realistic wastewater than ultrapure water. It is evident that the surfactant modification of RZT has enhanced the CBZ removal in both matrices.

Highlights

Emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been detected in municipal raw wastewater entering treatment plants ranging from sub-ng/L to μg/L levels
The results showed that the sorption uptake of CBZ increased from 0.018 mg/g (RZT) to 0.14 mg/g (SMZ) in ultrapure water, and from 0.029 mg/g (RZT) to 0.25 mg/g (SMZ) in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent
These results suggest that surfactant modification of zeolite has increased the CBZ uptake by 8 and 9-fold for ultrapure water and WWTP effluent respectively

Summary

Introduction

Emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been detected in municipal raw wastewater entering treatment plants (influent and effluent) ranging from sub-ng/L to μg/L levels. CBZ is currently used as a marker to evaluate the contamination of water bodies from PPCPs [8]. Many studies have detected CBZ in raw sewage (6.3 μg/L), in wastewater treatment plants (17.3–22 μg/L), in river system (1.283 μg/L), and drinking water (0.25 μg/L) [8,9]. Exposure to CBZ through drinking water may trigger autism spectrum disorders during pregnancy [4]. The removal of CBZ from the aqua ecosystem is recently considered a priority for many researchers

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