Removal of car battery heavy metals from wastewater by activated carbons: a brief review.

Abstract

Spent automobile batteries are one of the most significant secondary sources of harmful heavy metals for the environment. After being incorporated into the aquatic ecosystems, these metals disseminate to various plants, microorganisms, and the human body and cause multiple adverse effects. Activated carbons (ACs) have long been used as an effective adsorbent for different heavy metals in wastewater treatment processes. Although numerous research works have been published to date on this topic, they are scattered in the literature. In this review, we have assembled these works and provided an extensive overview of the application of ACs for treating spent car battery heavy metals (CBHMs) from aquatic systems. The preparation of ACs from different precursor materials, their application in the adsorption of CBHMs, the adsorption mechanism, kinetics, adsorption isotherms and various parameters that may affect the adsorption processes have been discussed in detail. A brief comparative analysis of the adsorption performances of ACs prepared from different precursor materials is also provided. Finally, recommendations for future research works are also offered.