Removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution by raw, pretreated, and immobilized Pterocladia capillacea biomass

Abstract

The adsorption of Cd (II) by Pterocladia capillacea in a batch system is the topic of the current investigation. Different pH (3–8) and starting Cd (II) concentrations were examined to determine the biosorption effectiveness for Cd (II) removal (20-100 ppm), period (5–120 min), agitation rate (50–250 rpm), and dose of biomass (0.01–0.1 g/50 ml of metal solution). At ideal conditions, the highest capability for bioadsorption was 8.407 mg g−1 dwt. The highest adsorption efficiency (96.047%) was attained by pretreating algal biomass using an autoclave. According to the findings, utilizing 0.1 g of alga produced the maximum removal efficiency compared to a control. Fourier transform infrared analysis of raw and processed algal biomass showed that hydroxyl, amide with hydrogen link, and carbonyl stretching before and during cadmium biosorption, carboxyl groups significantly contributed to biosorption. According to the findings, Pterocladia capillacea is an effective bioagent for removing cadmium from aqueous solutions.