Removal of Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

Abstract

The potential of the activated carbon prepared from the empty fruit bunch of oil palm wastes to remove bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous media was investigated. The experiments were performed by varying the contact time, activated carbon dose, initial BPA concentration, and pH of the solution. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were employed to discuss the adsorption behavior. The equilibrium data were perfectly represented by the Langmuir isotherm with R 2 of 0.9985. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the activated carbon was found to be 41.98 mg/g. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic with a rate constant of 0.3 × 10−3/min. The activated carbon was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses. The results of the present study indicate that the activated carbon prepared from the empty fruit bunch is a promising candidate as a low-cost bio-adsorbent for the removal of BPA from aqueous solution.