Abstract
Crude palm oil, consumed as a healthy food oil, contains a 3-monochloro-propane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester in the range of 0.04-0.05 ppm. The 3-MCPD compound is one of the contaminants belonging to the chloropropanol group that is genotoxin carcinogen. It is therefore necessary to develop an integrated palm oil refining through adsorption with a modified palm empty fruit bunch bioadsorbent to reduce 3-MCPD ester (<2 ppm / Codex Standard). Response Surface Method applied in the optimization study of the modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm. The research was designed by using Central Composite Design. The parameter process studied were temperature (60-800C), time (20-40 minutes) and oil volume (400-600 ml). Response surface of the pressurized liquid water extraction of curcumin was expressed by a second-order polynomial. The research showed that temperature was the most influencing variable for the adsorption of 3-MCPD from modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm. The response surface contour plots of the RSM on the effect of temperature, time and oil volume have showed that the optimum condition for the adsorption of 3-MCPD from modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm were adsorption performed at temperature of 86.80C, 46.81 minutes and oil volume of 668.17 ml.
Highlights
Crude palm oil is one of the fastest growing commodities in the last two decades
The 3-MCPD ester compound is one of the contaminants belonging to the chloropropanol group which is genotoxin carcinogen
Refining palm oil through the adsorption of fixed beds with bioadsorbent oil palm empty bunches is potential to be developed, as it is capable of removing the chloride ion precursor and the 3-MCPD ester compounds
Summary
Crude palm oil is one of the fastest growing commodities in the last two decades. Despite the rapid growth of palm oil, the competitive advantages of crude palm oil (CPO) in international markets are still weak. Indonesia's CPO is only superior to the competitiveness of the on-farm (comparative advantages) level, but its competitive advantage or real competitiveness is very low [1] A rapid 3-MCPD test has been developed, using single cell / comet assay method in vitro or in vivo with observations based on cell DNA damage 24 hours after treatment [6]. It is necessary to develop purification techniques to reduce the 3-MCPD ester compound in palm oil. Refining palm oil through the adsorption of fixed beds with bioadsorbent oil palm empty bunches is potential to be developed, as it is capable of removing the chloride ion precursor and the 3-MCPD ester compounds. Response Surface Method has been applied in the optimization study of the bioadsorption of modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm for reducing its 3-MCPD compounds
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