Abstract
The reason for such enormous efforts in palm oil mill effluent research would be what has been singled out as one of the major sources of pollution in Malaysia, and perhaps the most costly and complex waste to manage. Palm oil mill final discharge, which is the treated effluent, will usually be discharged to nearby land or river since it has been the least costly way to dispose of. Irrefutably, the quality level of the treated effluent does not always satisfy the surface water quality in conformity to physicochemical characteristics. To work on improving the treated effluent quality, a vertical surface-flow constructed wetland system was designed with Pennisetum purpureum (Napier grass) planted on the wetland floor. The system effectively reduced the level of chemical oxygen demand by 62.2 ± 14.3%, total suspended solid by 88.1 ± 13.3%, ammonia by 62.3 ± 24.8%, colour by 66.6 ± 13.19%, and tannin and lignin by 57.5 ± 22.3%. Heat map depicted bacterial diversity and relative abundance in life stages from the wetland soil, whereby bacterial community associated with the pollutant removal was found to be from the families Anaerolineaceae and Nitrosomonadaceae, and phyla Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria.
Highlights
The reason for such enormous efforts in palm oil mill effluent research would be what has been singled out as one of the major sources of pollution in Malaysia, and perhaps the most costly and complex waste to manage
Since the Palm oil mill effluent (POME) FD contains a lot of residual organic pollutants, which can become nutrients for plants such as P. purpureum growth, it is important to understand the removal behaviour of these residual pollutants in constructed wetland (CW), and the shifting of microorganism community associated with the process
chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the effluent was in adaptation process in the beginning because microorganisms and plants had not adapted and matured in the conditions provided by the F D26
Summary
The reason for such enormous efforts in palm oil mill effluent research would be what has been singled out as one of the major sources of pollution in Malaysia, and perhaps the most costly and complex waste to manage. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been identified to be one of the major sources of water pollution due to its high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations[4]. Pennisetum purpureum (Napier grass) is one of the plant species used for the remediation of industrial and agricultural effluents due to its rapid growth rate and ability to survive in highly contaminated soil. Since the POME FD contains a lot of residual organic pollutants, which can become nutrients for plants such as P. purpureum growth, it is important to understand the removal behaviour of these residual pollutants in CW, and the shifting of microorganism community associated with the process. The objective of this study is to understand the removal behaviour of pollutants from POME FD in a CW using P. purpureum to achieve the receiving river water quality. A bacterial community study was conducted to further understand the relationship between the microorganisms and pollutants removal
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