Abstract
The Forel-Ule Index (FUI) is an important parameter that can be calculated from optical remote sensing data to assess water quality based on water colour. Using Sentinel-2 images from April to November within the 2016–2020 period coupled with the Google Earth Engine Platform, we calculated FUI to analyse the spatial distribution, seasonal variations, and inter-annual variations of water colour in Baiyangdian Lake in the Xiong’an New Area established on 1 April 2017. The lake was divided into seven sub-regions, A–G; subsequently, high and low FUI values were observed in the south and north, respectively. Additionally, the mean FUI values of G and F zones in the south were 11.9 and 12.7, respectively, whereas those for the A, B, C, D, and E zones in the north were 10.5, 9.8, 10.4, 11.1, 11.2, respectively. The seasonal variations in the Baiyangdian Lake and seven sub-regions were consistent, with turbid water in spring and autumn, and clear water in summer. Inter-annual variations analyses for 2016–2020 indicated that the zone of A became progressively turbid, whereas the B, C, D, E, F, and G zones exhibited slow and gradually decreasing trends. Our findings suggest that the overall water quality of Baiyangdian Lake may be better, which may be related to the governance policies of the region.
Highlights
Baiyangdian Lake is the largest freshwater lake in the urban agglomerations of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province
In order to prove the stability of Forel-Ule Index (FUI), FUI was calculated using the quasi-synchronous
Thereafter, the FUI was extracted using in situ remote-sensing reflectance Rrs (λ)
Summary
Baiyangdian Lake is the largest freshwater lake in the urban agglomerations of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province. Baiyangdian Lake and their surrounding waterbodies play an important role in maintaining the normal functioning of local ecosystems. It is located in Anxin County, Xiong’an New Area, Hebei Province (115◦ 530 8.2500 –116◦ 60 9.6400 E, 38◦ 470 1.6900 –38◦ 590 22.7800 N). The established of the Xiong’an New Area was followed by a rapid industrial development in the upper reaches of the Baiyangdian Lake, resulting in severe water pollution. These problems include decreased water inflow, insufficient water storage, low water retention capacity, and poor water self-purification capacity. In order to improve the water quality of Baiyangdian Lake, the local government has formulated relevant regulatory measures and governance polices [1,2,3,4,5]
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