Abstract
The phenomena of wind-field deformation above complex (mountainous) terrain is a popular subject of research related to numerical modelling using GIS techniques. This type of modelling requires, as input data, information on terrain roughness and a digital terrain/elevation model. This information may be provided by remote sensing data. Consequently, its accuracy and spatial resolution may affect the results of modelling. This paper represents an attempt to conduct wind-field modelling in the area of the Śnieżnik Massif (Eastern Sudetes). The modelling process was conducted in WindStation 2.0.10 software (using the computable fluid dynamics solver Canyon). Two different elevation models were used: the Global Land Survey Digital Elevation Model (GLS DEM) and Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) Level 2. The terrain roughness raster was generated on the basis of Corine Land Cover 2006 (CLC 2006) data. The output data were post-processed in ArcInfo 9.3.1 software to achieve a high-quality cartographic presentation. Experimental modelling was conducted for situations from 26 November 2011, 25 May 2012, and 26 May 2012, based on a limited number of field measurements and using parameters of the atmosphere boundary layer derived from the aerological surveys provided by the closest meteorological stations. The model was run in a 100-m and 250-m spatial resolution. In order to verify the model’s performance, leave-one-out cross-validation was used. The calculated indices allowed for a comparison with results of former studies pertaining to WindStation’s performance. The experiment demonstrated very subtle differences between results in using DTED or GLS DEM elevation data. Additionally, CLC 2006 roughness data provided more noticeable improvements in the model’s performance, but only in the resolution corresponding to the original roughness data. The best input data configuration resulted in the following mean values of error measure: root mean squared error of velocity = 1.0 m/s and mean absolute error of direction = 30°. The author concludes that, within specific meteorological conditions (relatively strong and constant synoptic forcing) and using the aforementioned input data, the Canyon model provides fairly acceptable results. Similarly, the quality of the presented remote sensing data is suitable for wind velocity modelling in the proposed resolution. However, CLC 2006 land use data should be first verified with a higher-resolution satellite or aerial imagery.
Highlights
The issue of terrain impact on air flow in the atmospheric boundary layer is often considered in meteorological research, especially in the context of mesoscale and microscale anemological phenomena (BARRY 2008)
The quality of the presented remote sensing data is suitable for wind velocity modelling in the proposed resolution
The modelling process was carried out using WindStation 2.0.10 software, which is based on CFD solver Canyon (LOPES 2003, 2011)
Summary
The issue of terrain impact on air flow in the atmospheric boundary layer is often considered in meteorological research, especially in the context of mesoscale and microscale anemological phenomena (BARRY 2008). Induced air flow modifications, observed in mountainous or hilly regions of the Earth, became a subject of studies related to numerical modelling, including GIS techniques. Within this scope, two general approaches may be distinguished. It is important to distinguish between meteorological models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The complexity of these models requires extensive computational resources. Their spatial resolution usually does not exceed 5 km. CFD models, often defined as diagnostic models
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