Abstract
Modification of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) via ozone was carried out to enhance removal of BTEX from aqueous solution. MWCNT was oxidized by ozone (MWCNT-O3) generator at %80 intensity for 5 min and in 30% NaOCl solution. The images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the MWCNT-O3 have a lower degree of entanglement with increased porosity compared to the non-modified MWCNT. X-ray diffraction (XRD) test showed that structural crystallization was increased following the modification. After change, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed that the peaks corresponded to the hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups in MMWCNT-O3 were more intense than those in non-MMWCNT. The optimum condition for initial BTEX concentration, MWCNT-O3 dose, contact time, and pH was 100 mg/L, 2000 mg/L, 20 min, and 5 respectively. In this optimum condition the efficiency of MWCNT-O3 were increased by %43.5. This study concludes that this method is easy to use and also that ozone is an effective modifier for MWCNT in removal of BTEX compounds from the environment.
Highlights
IntroductionExcessive use of energy resources and raw materials in industries, oil and its products, are considered as the source of a large number of environmental pollutants (de Oliveira & de Oliveira Loureiro, 1998)
Nowadays, excessive use of energy resources and raw materials in industries, oil and its products, are considered as the source of a large number of environmental pollutants
Benny et al studied the influence of O3 and O3/H2O2 in purification of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and found that a large amount of contaminant material, such as amorphous carbon is substantially removed after ozonolysis (Hemraj-Benny et al, 2008)
Summary
Excessive use of energy resources and raw materials in industries, oil and its products, are considered as the source of a large number of environmental pollutants (de Oliveira & de Oliveira Loureiro, 1998). BTEX contribute to major environmental problems such as global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, photochemical ozone formation, and odor nuisance (Sarafraz-Yazdi et al, 2008). These organic compounds are flammable, toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. Ozonation can modify the surface property of an activated carbon such as specific surface area, pore volume, and functional group. Su et al (2010) oxidized carbon nanotube (CNT) by NaOCl to enhance its benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene (BTEX) adsorption capacity. Chiang et al (2002) studied the effect of ozone treatment on the adsorption of volatile organic carbon (VOC) exemplified by methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and benzene. This study aimed to improve the adsorption capacity of (MWCNT) modified by ozone for removal of BTEX from aqueous solution and to determine the significance and optimum conditions for BTEX removing
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