Abstract
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is one of the main important problems being combated today. Laboratory tank experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of industry waste to adsorb and control the mobilization of metals from contaminated acid mine water. The main physical conditions such as pH and treatment performance are displayed. The solution of acid mine were sampled from the sites and their concentrations of heavy metals were determined. Three types of industrial waste were used as low-cost adsorbent materials in the treatment process which are Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS), Fly Ash (FA) and Biomass Ash (BA). The materials were described by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), FESEM images and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). A comparative study between the removal efficiencies of heavy metals were evaluated. The results showed that about 78 to 99% removal efficiencies of metals were achieved from FA tank, 88 to 99% for LFS tank and 86 to 99% for BA tank. Tank experiment displays huge range of pH changes from acidity to nearly neutral phases when adsorbent was in contact with AMD. Remediation of AMD by using FA showed pH changes from pH 2.12 to 7.09, pH 7.3 for LFS and pH 6.8 for BA within 50 days of operation. From the removal rate, it is found that FA, LFS and BA have different efficiencies of heavy metal removing. The removal of heavy metals by using FA are more efficient to remove Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni and Zn. Meanwhile, LFS sample displayed as an effective adsorbent for treat Pb and Cd in acid mine drainage. The industrial waste used in this study increased and neutralized the pH to control AMD and improve water quality.
Highlights
The problems of environmental, economic, social and geotechnical stability associated with abandoned, historical or active mine sites is a very serious and global concern in the recent times
The characteristic of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) shows that the solutions were highly toxic to the organism and could affect ecosystem without any remediation
The kinetics of the neutralization reaction was investigated by monitoring the pH, the reduction potential and electrical conductivity of AMD solution for 50 days
Summary
The problems of environmental, economic, social and geotechnical stability associated with abandoned, historical or active mine sites is a very serious and global concern in the recent times. The past and current mining practices, cause environmental problems that impair ecosystems and human health. The environmental obliteration arising from polluted water from old and active mines in Bukit Besi area, Malaysia. The on-land deposition of heavy metals through the environment is decreasing due to the productivity of mining operations and legal necessity for dissuading of environmental damage from mining activities. The formation of AMD happen from oxidation process in abandoned mine lands that occur when mineral of sulphide in the waste rock react against air and water to form sulfuric acid. The formation of AMD is a series of biology, geochemical and mineral dissolution processes from mining activity.There are three main steps from the operational phase of a tailings hoarding until the final phase of AMD (Bernard Dold, 2014). The mineral composition influenced by the oxidation process, when sulfides are oxidized by Fe(III) and the potential of Fe(III) hydroxide layering (Rimstidt et al, 1994)
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