Abstract
Abstract A widely used method of calibrating electronic distance (e.d.m.) instruments is to determine jointly the zero error and cyclic error by a least squares adjustment of all combinations of distances either in a network or in a baseline which is divided into a number of sections. To facilitate the computations, the phase angle and amplitude of the zero error may be determined from residuals instead of computing them as unknowns in the least squares adjustment. As it is not always recognized that the zero error in this case will only be correctly determined if the effects of cyclic errors in the field measurements are eliminated by an iterative process, these effects are discussed and illustrated with the aid of two numerical examples of a well known baseline method.9
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