Abstract
This study explores religious identity in medieval Iberia and the Western Mediterranean through Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cod.Ar. 238 (1394 CE). This manuscript contains an Arabic translation of the Gospels, a fragment of Eusebius's Ecclesiastical History, a Capitulare Evangeliorum, and a sanctoral, all of Mozarabic origin. The text serves as a lens into the negotiation of religious identity in the multi-confessional environment of the medieval Mediterranean since it transcends the frontiers of confessional (Christian-Muslim) and linguistic (Latin-Arabic) communities. This article engages current research on the Mozarabs and the Arabic Gospels of Iberia in dialogue with theories on Convivencia. The article concludes that Cod.Ar. 238 reveals the complexities of "living together", where assimilation erases and creates boundaries and dialogue accompanies exclusive claims to truth. The essay draws on the prologues, translations, and marginalia of Cod.Ar. 238 and compares them to Jerome's Vulgate and three other manuscripts containing Arabic Gospels of Hispanic origin.
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