Religion in the contemporary world: a sociological introduction

Abstract

Acknowledgements. 1 Religions and the Challenge of Diversity. The religious factor - The challenge of diversity. A clash of civilizations?. Grassroots Christian responses to diversity. 2 Defining Religion: Social Conflicts and Sociological Debates. Scientology: authentic religion or imposture?. Baha'is: world faith or apostasy?. Advantages of being recognized as a religion. Disadvantages of status as a religion. Defining people as religious. Max Weber: on not defining religion. Emile Durkheim: defining religion sociologically. Contemporary sociological definitions of religion. Religion and definition in use. 3 Varieties of Religious Movement. Church and sect. Denominations and cults: tolerating diversity. New religious movements. The limits of classification. 4 Secularization: the Social Insignificance of Religion?. Auguste Comte and the Law of Three Stages. Karl Marx and the projection theory of religion. Emile Durkheim and the social functions of religion. Max Weber and the disenchantment of the world. Georg Simmel: an alternative classical view. Defining secularization. Secularization from within. Decline of community. Marginalization of charisma. Cultural amnesia. Pluralization, relativism and consumer choice. Reason, rationality and science. A consensus on dystopia?. 5 Secularization Challenged: a New Paradigm?. A secularization theorist recants. Believing without belonging. A new paradigm. Voluntarism according to Talcott Parsons. The demand for religion: a rational choice?. The supply of religion: the benefits of competition?. The Mormons: a new world faith?. Jehovah's Witnesses: overcoming the failure of prophecy. The new paradigm and the rise of the megachurches. The Pentecostals. 6 Fundamentalism. Bible believers. Fundamentalism and monotheism. Islamophobia. 7 Civil Religion and Political Ritual. Ritual and social integration: the legacy of Durkheim. In God We Trust: civil religion in the United States. A failure of civil religion: Canada. Symbolic division in society: Northern Ireland. Political religion in an atheist society: the Soviet Union. Political religion and charismatic leadership: Nazi Germany. Character and society. 8 Brainwashing, Consumer Protection and the State. Brainwashing - old and new. The power of the brainwashing metaphor. What new religious movements offer their recruits. Disengaging from new religious movements. Consumer protection and the regulation of abuses. Cult scares and the anti-cult movement. Doomsday cults: five case studies. Apocalypse and self-destruction. A role for cult watchers?. 9 Religious Identity and Meaning in Consumer Society. Individualism unchecked?. Individualism and authority: the Roman Catholic Church. Sexuality and gender. From religion to spirituality?. A New Age?. Religion and spirituality online. Consuming religion. Afterword: dialogues in a post-secular world. Bibliography Index