Abstract
The function of education is important to have knowledge of politically important issues, and to let members of society recognize what values are good in politics. It is a political socialization. To integrate people into a political system, the political system socializes people through education. The Hijab issue at school in France seems to be related to a religious issue but is also an educational issue. This study tries to reveal the relationship between the education, religion and the state in France in order to explain the reason why the French society has been so sensitive to the Hijab issue in school. Along the period of the third Republic of France, the republicans tried to abolish the influence of the catholic church into politics so that the reactionaries would not take a power again. They thought that the royalists could come back to power anytime because electorates who had been educated by the catholic church could vote for the royalists. Therefore the republican efforts to build a republic concentrated on the building of the public educational system. This study shows a long history of the republican efforts to institutionalize the French public educational system that explains also the saliency of the Hijab issue in French society of 20th century.
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