ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МОДЕЛЕЙ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ СТУДЕНТІВ ВИЩИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ У ФРАНЦІЇ ТА КНР

Abstract

In the conditions of Ukraine's development as a legal state, the modernization of its political system on the basis of democratic values, the relevance of the problem of forming the political culture of students in higher education is growing significantly. During the establishment of this process, actual theoretical ideas and practical experience on the identified problem of scientists and teachers working in higher education in different countries of the world can become essential in this case. In particular, the teachers of France and China have considerable interest in this regard. France is one of the most developed European countries. In this state there is a tendency to a pluralistic type of political socialization, which is characterized by the indirect nature of the interaction between the citizen and the government, the existence of a significant number of diverse subcultures where the primary socialization of a person is taking place. A common phenomenon for France is to strikes, to have political protests in which a significant number of as ordinary citizens as well-known political figures usually participate. Corporatization and cultural and religious diversity of the French society have caused the background for the absence of complete system of political socialization for the individual in the state. Instead, the political socialization of people is realized by involving them to know and master the values of the social group to which they belong. The revealed characteristics of France's socio-political development have a significant influence on the students’ process of forming the political culture in French universities. As it is identified in the study, the leading place in this process is occupied by youth public organizations and other informal student associations, student councils, interim commissions and discussion groups which set up to perform specific tasks. The most important problems are discussed at the general meeting (assemblies). As it’s determined in the study, the majority of French students actively participate in the socio-political life of the country, the struggle for their rights, liberties and, in general, for democratic transformations in society, to show a highly socio-political activity. However, the manifestation of youth maximalism often causes the collision between young people and the police or the further conflicts with the administration of universities. At the same time, it should be prospered that in France the process of formation of political culture of high school students occurs during the process of active socio-political activity, which encourages young people to realize responsibility for their public words, behavior and actions, and what is more important for further consequences. Comparing the model for the formation of the political culture of high school students in France and China, it should be noted that they are fundamentally different. The formation of political culture in China occurred under the significant influence of ancient Chinese doctrines and philosophical and religious views. At the same time in China, according to the new demands of modern society, the transformation of the political system is taking place, which, in particular, is manifested in the further development of the political culture of citizens. The centerpiece in it takes those values and attitudes which ensure the preservation of the existing political system. The organization and content of educational work aimed at forming the political culture of students in Chinese universities and is fully consistent with the state strategy for the modernization of the political system in China. Leading role in this process is carried out by organizations and youth associations. One of the effective ways of forming a political culture of student youth in China is its involvement in the work of student self-government bodies. However, unlike the Western European countries, all important decisions should be coordinated with Chinese university leaders and representatives of the university administration and party management bodies. In general, the process of shaping the political culture of Chinese students is directly aimed at educating future specialists as politically aware and active citizens who share traditional sociopolitical values of Chinese people and make intensive efforts to improve their well-being. In the conditions of European integration of Ukraine, the greatest interest for Ukrainian educators lies under the experience of the formation of political culture in French universities. However, we believe that it is also appropriate at the same time to study carefully and to use creatively the certain valuable developments in the field of political education of both Chinese scientists and practitioners. Key words: political culture, student, university, France, China, model.