Reliable Methodologies and Impactful Tools to Control Fruit Tree Viruses

Michel Ravelonandro

doi:10.3390/crops1010005

Abstract

Viruses are microbes that have high economic impacts on the ecosystem. Widely spread by humans, plant viruses infect not only crops but also wild species. There is neither a cure nor a treatment against viruses. While chemists have developed further research of inefficient curative products, the relevant concept based on sanitary measures is consistently valuable. In this context, two major strategies remain indisputable. First, there are control measures via diagnostics presently addressing the valuable technologies and tools developed in the last four decades. Second, there is the relevant use of modern biotechnology to improve the competitiveness of fruit-tree growers.

Highlights

In response to professional demand, including scientists, growers, breeders and regulators, this review provides an updated platform of approach to control fruit tree viruses
In contrast to grain crops represented by annual plants that require careful survey through either the initial apparition of insect vectors of a virus or the development of leaf symptoms, fruit trees are less economically considered in agriculture
In order to control plum pox virus (PPV), the development of an innovative geneediting technology argues that the discovery of a cluster of meprin and TRAF-C homology domain (MATHd) containing-genes from apricot-trees is consistent with virus genome interference [70]

Summary

Introduction

While crop species are independently considered according to the indigenous environment, the coupling of virus–crops is undoubtedly submitted to the natural interactions with insect vectors [3]. The consequences of these interactions exhibited either the growth perturbation or the adaptation of the plant materials [4]. Virus infection in fruit trees is difficult to diagnose because these plants initially appeared either symptomless or showed suspicious symptoms. These doubtful scenarios that represent the initial steps for detection were interestingly explored. The release of these resistant clones in an uncontrolled environment will meaningfully confirm the sustainable trait expectedly developed

Fruit Tree Virus Disease Spread

Molecular Tools to Control Fruit Tree Viruses and Impactful High

Maintenance of Virus Collection

Genetic Engineering of Viral RNAi in the Sustainability of Fruit Trees

Gene Editing: A New Technology for Challenging Fruit Tree Viruses

Conclusions

Methods