Reliability of the Resonance Frequency Analysis Values in New Prototype Transepithelial Abutments: A Prospective Clinical Study.

María Guerrero-González,Blanca Ríos-Carrasco,Francesca Monticelli,Ana Fernández-Palacín,José-Vicente Ríos-Santos,David Saura García-Martín,Mariano Herrero-Climent

doi:10.3390/ijerph17186733

Abstract

Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) requires abutment disconnection to monitor implant stability. To overcome this limitation, an experimental transepithelial abutment was designed to allow a SmartPeg to be screwed onto it, in order to determine the prototype abutments repeatability and reproducibility using Osstell ISQ and to assess whether implant length and diameter have an influence on the reliability of these measurements. RFA was conducted with a SmartPeg screwed directly into the implant and onto experimental abutments of different heights of 2, 3.5 and 5 mm. A total of 32 patients (116 implants) were tested. RFA measurements were taken twice for each group from mesial, distal, buccal and palatal/lingual surfaces. Mean values and SD were calculated and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) (p < 0.05, IC 95%). The implant stability quotient (ISQ) mean values were 72.581 measured directly to implant and 72.899 (2 mm), 72.391 (3.5 mm) and 71.458 (5 mm) measured from the prototypes. ICC between measurements made directly to implant and through 2-, 3.5- and 5-mm abutments were 0.908, 0.919 and 0.939, respectively. RFA values registered through the experimental transepithelial abutments achieved a high reliability. Neither the implant length nor the diameter had any influence on the measurements’ reliability.

Highlights

Implant stability is an essential requirement to achieve osseointegration and to ensure implant success over time [1]
The results obtained in this study showed that Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) values recorded with the healing abutment (2, 3.5 and 5 mm) have a very good reliability (ICC = 0.91/0.91/0.93) compared to values registered directly to implant
Baltayan et al demonstrated the importance of the use of Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) at the time of implant placement in the decision-making of a submerged or non-submerged protocol, stating that ISQ of 66 could serve as a “cut-off” value in the decision making of the transepithelial abutment placement the day of surgery [17], so the use of the experimental healing abutments would be indicated in those cases in which the ISQ values are higher than 66 on the day of surgery

Summary

Introduction

Implant stability is an essential requirement to achieve osseointegration and to ensure implant success over time [1]. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is an easy, non-invasive and reproducible method commonly used for this purpose It is considered an implant-bone complex bending test, where a transducer applies an extremely small lateral force, simulating a clinical condition of load to a very small magnitude [3,4,5]. RFA is performed through Osstell system device (OSSTELL AB, Göteborg, Sweden) and converted into an Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) value. This device is considered a high reliable and objective tool for measuring implant stability at the time of placement as well as during treatment and follow-up [6,7,8]

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Discussion

Conclusion