Abstract
Objective To investigate the reliability of three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric landmarks for the clinical application of 3D cephalometry.Methods 39 landmarks that were widely used in traditional cephalometric analyses were selected.CBCT images from 18 randomly selected patients were obtained from the orthodontic records.Four examiners identified landmarks using software SimPlant,respectively.Then 3-D coordinates were exported (X axis coordinates represented the coronal position,the Y-axis coordinates represented the sagittal position,and the Z-axis coordinates represented the vertical position).Inter-examiner reliability correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for all landmark coordinates.Results Reliabilities of 32 landmarks were high (ICC value greater than 0.9 in three dimension),reliabilities of 7 landmarks were moderate (ICC value greater than 0.9 in two dimensions,and lower than 0.9 in one dimension).Conclusions 32 landmarks with high reliability were selected from 39 widely used landmarks,which could be applied in 3D cephalometry. Key words: Cone-beam computed tomography; 3D cephalometry; landmark; reliability
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