Abstract
Assessment of forearm oxygen uptake (V˙O2) during handgrip exercise is a keenly investigated concept for observing small muscle mass metabolism. Although a combination of Doppler ultrasound measurements of brachial artery blood flow (Q˙) and blood gas drawn from a deep forearm vein has been utilized to calculate forearm V˙O2 for more than two decades, the applicability of this experimental design may benefit from a thorough evaluation of its reliability during graded exercise. Therefore, we evaluated the reliability of this technique during incremental handgrip exercise in ten healthy young (24 ± 3(SD) years.) males. V˙O2 and work rate (WR) exhibited a linear relationship (1.0 W: 43.8 ± 10.1 mL·min−1; 1.5 W: 53.8 ± 14.1 mL·min−1; 2.0 W: 63.4 ± 16.3 mL·min−1; 2.5 W: 72.2 ± 17.6 mL·min−1; 3.0 W: 79.2 ± 18.6 mL·min−1; r = 0.65, P < 0.01). In turn, V˙O2 was strongly associated with Q˙ (1.0 W: 359 ± 86 mL·min−1; 1.5 W: 431 ± 112 mL·min−1; 2.0 W: 490 ± 123 mL·min−1; 2.5 W: 556 ± 112 mL·min−1; 3.0 W: 622 ± 131 mL·min−1; r = 0.96; P < 0.01), whereas arteriovenous oxygen difference (a‐vO2diff) remained constant following all WRs (123 ± 11–130 ± 10 mL·L−1). Average V˙O2 test–retest difference was −0.4 mL·min−1 with ±2SD limits of agreement (LOA) of 8.4 and −9.2 mL·min−1, respectively, whereas coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 4–7%. Accordingly, test–retest Q˙ difference was 11.9 mL·min−1 (LOA: 84.1 mL·min−1; −60.4 mL·min−1) with CVs between 4 and 7%. Test–retest difference for a‐vO 2diff was −0.28 mL·dL−1 (LOA: 1.26mL·dL −1; −1.82 mL·dL−1) with 3–5% CVs. In conclusion, our results revealed that forearm V˙O2 determination by Doppler ultrasound and direct venous sampling is linearly related to WR, and a reliable experimental design across a range of exercise intensities.
Highlights
The handgrip exercise model has been extensively used in the investigation of small muscle mass metabolism for half a century (Greenwood et al 1965; Seaman et al 1973; Hughson et al 1996; Broxterman et al 2015)
A combination of Doppler ultrasound measurements of brachial artery blood flow (Q_ ) and blood gas drawn from a deep forearm vein has been utilized to calculate forearm V_O2 for more than two decades, the applicability of this experimental design may benefit from a thorough evaluation of its reliability during graded exercise
Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society
Summary
The handgrip exercise model has been extensively used in the investigation of small muscle mass metabolism for half a century (Greenwood et al 1965; Seaman et al 1973; Hughson et al 1996; Broxterman et al 2015). In conjunction with blood gases from veins draining the forearm, has been established as a prime, minimally invasive, experimental design to calculate oxygen uptake (V_ O2) based on the Fick principle (Hughson et al 1996; Shoemaker et al 1999; Lee et al 2000; MacDonald et al 2001; Van Beekvelt et al 2001; Crecelius et al 2013). Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.
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