Abstract
Urban multi-energy systems (UMESs) are integrated energy systems (IESs) which can alleviate the current energy crisis, improve energy utilization and realize multi-energy complementarity of modern. Various subsystems involved in the coupling of UMESs, including power grids, gas pipeline networks, cold/heat networks, transportation networks, and energy cyber-physical system, exhibit coupling characteristics such as multi-energy source modeling, complex uncertainty factor modeling, mutual influence of information and physical coupling. At present, the modeling and reliability assessments of UMESs are the most urgent tasks. In this paper, the latest research results on the reliability modeling and evaluation of UMESs are analyzed by considering their coupling components. In addition, the reliability modeling methods and the evaluation indexes of UMESs, including power-gas systems, power-thermal systems, power-traffic systems, and energy cyber-physical systems, are presented in this paper, with specific UMES modeling methods divided into model-driven modeling and data-driven modeling. Finally, future challenges for the reliability modeling and evaluation of UMESs are proposed, such as the dispatch strategy of the coupling components needs to be developed and continuously optimized to improve the reliability of UMESs, and the resilience of UMESs under the extreme scenarios needs to be further studied.
Highlights
The impacts of the global energy crisis and environmental deterioration are forcing humanity to use various forms of energy to take development in a diversified and low-carbon direction [1]
To address the multi-energy flow reliability assessment of a CCHP system in an energy distribution network and the interaction of electrical, gas, cooling and heating systems, [63] evaluated the performance of buildings by assessing energy flexibility, as buildings typically only use a single form of energy for power transfer capability, energy transfer efficiency, economic benefit and comfort, and proposed a method that used the energy storage function of buildings to realize a flexible dispatch of multi-energy flows. [66] proposed a k-1 algorithm based on smart agent communication, which can autonomously realize a reconstructed system, and a system state evaluation process was carried out together with a reconstruction process to improve the reliability evaluation efficiency
Reference [120] proposed the regional coordinated operation of an Integrated energy systems (IESs) to enhance its resilience under extreme conditions, and a bidirectional flow model for a regional IES was established by using power gas technology; a three-level two-stage robust model was established to adapt to the random interruptions caused by natural disasters in natural gas, power generation and transmission systems
Summary
The impacts of the global energy crisis and environmental deterioration are forcing humanity to use various forms of energy to take development in a diversified and low-carbon direction [1]. A comprehensive reliability assessment framework for integrated energy cyber physical systems using the Monte Carlo simulation method to generate the system state was proposed in [22], and an energy flow model in the different energy networks was considered in state analysis, for example, by considering the real-time electricity balance of a power grid and the flow balance of a natural gas transmission network. To address the multi-energy flow reliability assessment of a CCHP system in an energy distribution network and the interaction of electrical, gas, cooling and heating systems, [63] evaluated the performance of buildings by assessing energy flexibility, as buildings typically only use a single form of energy for power transfer capability, energy transfer efficiency, economic benefit and comfort, and proposed a method that used the energy storage function of buildings to realize a flexible dispatch of multi-energy flows. There are upper accuracy limits, overfitting and underfitting risks in data-driven methods [71]
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